Hygiene - Bathing - Staying Clean
Hygiene is a set of
practices performed
for the
preservation of health and
for the
prevention
of illness. Hygiene is to
cleanse
the entire body so that you can look clean and smell clean.
Sanitary is to be
free from filth and
pathogens.
Personal Grooming
-
Bathing -
Skin Care -
Nails -
Hair -
Toilet Training -
Toilet (#1 and
#2).
Hygiene Hypothesis is a hypothesis that
states that a lack of early childhood exposure to
infectious agents,
symbiotic microorganisms (such as the
gut flora or probiotics), and
parasites increases susceptibility to allergic diseases by suppressing the
natural development of the
immune system. In particular, the lack of
exposure is thought to lead to defects in the establishment of immune tolerance.
Personal Hygiene.
Hand Washing
Hand Washing (cdc) -
Hand Hygiene (cdc)
CDC Hand Washing Tips -
Washing Hands Tips
Washing Hands Saves Lives
(video with interactive text)
Global
Handwashing Day is an international handwashing promotion campaign to
motivate and mobilize people around the world to improve their handwashing
habits. Washing hands at critical points during the day and washing with
soap are both important. Global Handwashing Day occurs on 15 October of
each year. The global campaign is dedicated to raising awareness of
handwashing with soap as a key factor in disease prevention. Respiratory
and intestinal diseases can be reduced by 25-50%.
Global Hand Washing -
Wash Advocates.
Soap
-
Disinfect (clean) -
Body Oder (sweat)
Soaps can be Recycled -
How Used Hilton
Hotel Soaps Get Recycled (youtube) - Clean the World is a nonprofit
organization that recycles used soaps, lotions, and other toiletries from
hotels. Its partners include Hilton, Marriott, and Walt Disney World
Resorts, among others. Clean the World has donated over 50 million bars of
recycled soap to people in need in 127 countries since its founding in
2009. The organization has had to adapt as more hotel chains move away
from single-use toiletries in favor of bulk offerings. Hilton’s
partnership with Clean the Word began in 2009, not 2019. The data
presented in the video reflects the first seven months of the Clean the
World Challenge — a promise to donate 1 million bars of
Soap
by October 15, 2019 (Global Handwashing Day). Insider regrets the error.
If you sleep for 12 hours a
day, you will have
720 minutes to do
things in your day. You should use a couple of those minutes in your day
to do some simple tasks that would benefit you. A couple of minutes a day
to do something positive. And you still have 718 minutes left.
Allergies -
Colds
-
Flu
-
Hospital Infections -
Viruses
Cholera is spread mostly by
unsafe water and
unsafe food that has been
contaminated with
human feces containing the bacteria. Undercooked seafood is a common
source. Humans are the only animal affected. Risk factors for the disease
include
poor
sanitation,
not enough clean drinking water, and
poverty. Cholera can be diagnosed
by a
stool test. A rapid dipstick test is available but is not as
accurate. The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea that
lasts a few days. Vomiting and muscle cramps may also occur.
Wiping your Butt.
Hand Sanitizer a alcohol-based type hand
washing gel.
WHO:
How to Hand Rub with alcohol-based formulation (youtube)
Zylast Hands Sanitizer -
Nano Touch Materials
Hands
Hand is a
prehensile, which is the quality of an appendage or organ that has
adapted for grasping or holding. A multi-fingered
organ located at the end of the
forearm or forelimb.
The skeleton of the human hand consists of
27
bones.
Index Finger is the first
finger and the second digit of a human hand. (pointer finger).
Middle Finger is the third
digit of the human hand, located between the index finger and the ring
finger. It is usually the longest finger.
Ring Finger is the fourth
proximal digit of the human hand, and the second most ulnar finger,
located between the middle finger and the little finger.
Little Finger or pinky, is
the most ulnar and usually smallest finger of the human hand, opposite the
thumb, and next to the ring finger.
Thumb is the first digit of the hand.
When a person is standing in the medical anatomical position (where the
palm is facing to the front), the thumb is the outermost digit.
Male Ring Finger is typically longer than the Index Finger. Female
Ring Finger and Index Finger are about the Same Length.
Testosterone.
Reflexology
is an alternative medicine involving
application of pressure to the
feet and
hands with specific thumb, finger, and hand techniques without the use
of oil or lotion. It is based on a system of zones and reflex areas that
purportedly reflect an image of the
body on the feet and hands, with the
premise that such work
effects a physical change to the body.
Feet
Foot is an anatomical
structure found in many vertebrates. It is the terminal portion of a limb
which bears weight and allows locomotion. In many animals with feet, the
foot is a separate organ at the terminal part of the leg made up of one or
more segments or bones, generally including claws or nails. The human foot
is a strong and complex mechanical structure containing
26 bones, 33
joints (20 of which are actively articulated), and more than a hundred
muscles, tendons, and ligaments. The joints of the foot are the ankle and subtalar joint and the interphalangeal articulations of the foot.
Sweat.
Take off your Shoes when in your Home.
Shoes can carry 421,000 different types of
Bacteria.
Footwear refers to garments worn on the feet, which originally serves
to purpose of protection against adversities of the environment, usually
regarding ground textures and temperature. Footwear in the manner of shoes
therefore primarily serves the purpose to ease the locomotion and prevent
injuries. Secondly footwear can also be used for
fashion and adornment as well as to
indicate the status or rank of the person within a social structure.
Socks and
other hosiery are typically worn additionally between the feet and other
footwear for further comfort and relief.
Carhartt Boot Review (youtube) - Has carhart turned into a fast
fashion brand? If not, these boots are a step in that unfortunate
direction.
Shoe Size is an
indication of the fitting size of a shoe for a person. There are a number
of different shoe-size systems used worldwide. While all of them use a
number to indicate the length of the shoe, they differ in exactly what
they measure, what unit of measurement they use, and where the size 0 (or
1) is positioned. Some systems also indicate the shoe width, sometimes
also as a number, but in many cases by one or more letters. Some regions
use different shoe-size systems for different types of shoes (e.g. men's,
women's, children's, sport, and safety shoes). This article sets out
several complexities in the definition of shoe sizes. In practice, shoes
should be tried on for size and fit before they are purchased.
Barleycorn is an old English unit that equates to 1⁄3 inch (8.47 mm).
This is the basis for current UK and North American shoe sizes, with the
largest shoe size taken as twelve inches (a size 12) i.e. 30.5 cm, and
then counting backwards in barleycorn units, so a size 11 is 11.67 inches or 29.6 cm.
Shoelaces is a system commonly used to secure shoes, boots and other
footwear. They typically consist of a pair of strings or cords, one for
each shoe, finished off at both ends with stiff sections, known as aglets.
Each shoelace typically passes through a series of holes, eyelets, loops
or hooks on either side of the shoe. Loosening the lacing allows the shoe
to open wide enough for the foot to be inserted or removed. Tightening the
lacing and tying off the ends secures the foot within the shoe.
Podoconiosis also
known as nonfilarial elephantiasis, is a disease of the lymph vessels of
the lower extremities that is caused by chronic exposure to irritant
soils. It is the second most common cause of tropical lymphedema after
filariasis, and it is characterized by prominent swelling of the lower
extremities, which leads to disfigurement and disability. Prior to the
development of lymphatic failure and frank lymphedema, a prodrome
consisting of itching, burning, hyperkeratosis, plantar edema, and rigid
digits may occur. As with other forms of tropical lymphedema, chronic
disease can lead to fusion of the toes, ulceration, and bacterial
superinfection. The disease has an acute component, and sufferers may
experience recurrent episodes of lower extremity warmth, firmness, and
pain. The cornerstone of prevention and treatment of podoconiosis is
avoidance of exposure to irritant soils. Wearing shoes in the presence of
irritant soils is the primary method of exposure reduction. In Rwanda,
a country of high disease prevalence, the government has banned walking
barefoot in public, in order to curtail podoconiosis and other soil-borne
diseases. Once the disease has developed, rigorous foot hygiene including
daily washing with soap and water, application of an emollient, and
nightly elevation of the affected extremity has been shown to reduce
swelling and disability. Compression wrapping and decongestive
physiotherapy of the affected extremity has been shown to be effective in
other forms of lymphedema, but the benefits of these therapies have not
been rigorously studied in podoconiosis. Nodules will not resolve with
these conservative measures, although surgical removal of the nodules can be performed.
Nails
Nail is a horn-like envelope
covering the tips of the fingers and toes in humans. Nails are similar to
claws in other animals. Fingernails and toenails are made of a tough
protective
protein called
keratin
which is a
fibrous structural proteins that protects epithelial cells from damage
or stress. It is the key structural material making up the outer layer of
human
skin.
Fingernails can be indicators of Health or Disease (image info-graph)
Nails can Reveal your Health -
Unhealthy Nails and Disease
Identifying
Nutritional Deficiencies Through Nails, Skin & Hair (youtube)
Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail. -
YMCA Feet Photo (nail fungus)
Nail Biting (bad
habits)
Fingernail Care: To keep
your fingernails looking their best: Keep fingernails dry and clean. This
prevents bacteria from growing under your fingernails. Repeated or
prolonged contact with water can contribute to split fingernails. Wear
cotton-lined
Rubber Gloves when washing dishes, cleaning or using harsh chemicals.
Practice good nail hygiene. Use a sharp manicure scissors or
Clippers. Trim your nails straight across, then round the tips in a
gentle curve using a
Nail
File. Use moisturizer. When you use hand lotion, rub the lotion into
your fingernails and cuticles, too. Apply a protective layer. Applying a
nail hardener might help strengthen nails. Ask your doctor about biotin.
Some research suggests that the
nutritional
supplement biotin might help strengthen weak or brittle fingernails.
Baby's nails are softer and more pliable than adults, but they still can
cause scratches and need trimming regularly. A baby's fingernails grow
fast, so you may have to trim them weekly or even more frequently.
Toenails grow more slowly and therefore require less maintenance.
If you scratch yourself a lot, you should trim
your nails short and file your fails so that your nails are smooth with no
sharp edges. So if you do scratch yourself, at least you will be less
likely to damage the skin or break the
skin.
Manicure is trimming the fingernails
carefully and neatly or cutting and shaping the nails.
Manicure consists of filing and shaping the free edge, pushing and
clipping (with a cuticle pusher and cuticle nippers) any nonliving tissue
(but limited to the cuticle and hangnails), treatments with various
liquids, massage of the hand, and the application of fingernail polish.
When the same is applied to the toenails and feet, the treatment is
referred to as a
pedicure,
which is treatment of the feet and toenails that include care not only for
the toenails; dead skin cells are rubbed off the bottom of the feet using
a rough stone (often a pumice stone). Skin care is often provided up to
the knee, including granular exfoliation, moisturizing, and massage.
Nail Clipper is a hand tool used to trim fingernails, toenails and
hangnails.
Nail
File is a tool used to gently grind down and shape the edges of nails.
They are often used in manicures and pedicures after the nail has been
trimmed using appropriate nail clippers. Nail files may either be
emery boards,
ceramic, glass, crystal, plain metal files or metal files coated with
corundum.
Nail
Buffing is the act of polishing the nail using buffers of successively
finer grit in order to make nails look more consistent and shiny. A paste
is used to fill ridges on nail surfaces.
Nail
Polish is a lacquer that can be applied to the human fingernail or
toenails to
decorate and protect the
nail plates.
How long does a nail take to grow back?
After a nail separates from the nail bed for whatever reason, it will not
reattach. A new nail will have to grow back in its place. Nails grow back
slowly. It takes about
6 months for a fingernail
and up to
12 to 18 months for a toenail to
grow back. The way a toenail grows is out of the matrix, which is the
little pocket under the skin. It constantly is creating new cells, which
lengthens the nails by forcing the old ones to get pushed together and
grow out. When the cells finally grow out of the matrix, they are dead.
The nail matrix is the area where your fingernails and toenails start to
grow. The matrix creates new skin cells, which pushes out the old, dead
skin cells to make your nails. As a result, injuries to the nail bed or
disorders that affect the matrix can affect your nail growth.
Hair
Hair is a
protein filament that grows from
follicles found in the
dermis,
or
skin. Hair is one of the defining characteristics of mammals. The human
body, apart from areas of glabrous skin, is covered in follicles which
produce thick terminal and fine
Vellus Hair. Most common interest in hair
is focused on
Hair Growth, hair types and
Hair Care, but hair is also an
important biomaterial primarily composed of protein, notably
Keratin,
which is one of a family of fibrous structural
proteins. It is the key
structural material
making up hair, horns, claws, hooves, and the outer layer of human skin.
Keratin is also the protein that protects
Epithelial cells from damage or stress. Keratin is extremely insoluble
in water and organic solvents. Keratin monomers assemble into bundles to
form intermediate filaments, which are tough and form strong unmineralized
epidermal appendages found in reptiles, birds, amphibians, and mammals.
The only other biological matter known to approximate the toughness of
keratinized tissue is
Chitin,
which is a long-chain polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, is a derivative of
glucose. It is a primary component of cell walls in fungi, the
exoskeletons of arthropods, such as crustaceans (e.g., crabs, lobsters and
shrimps) and insects, the radulae of molluscs, cephalopod beaks, and the
scales of fish and lissamphibians. The structure of chitin is comparable
to another polysaccharide - cellulose, forming crystalline nanofibrils or
whiskers. In terms of function, it may be compared to the protein keratin.
Chitin has proved useful for several medicinal, industrial and
biotechnological purposes.
Afro-Textured
Hair is when each strand of this hair type grows in a tiny, angle-like
helix shape. The overall effect
is such that, compared to straight, wavy or curly hair, afro-textured hair
appears denser. Curly hair is dominant, so someone is more likely to have
curly or wavy hair if at least one of their parents does. Recent research
points to trichohyalin, a protein in hair follicles, as having primary
influence over hair curl. However, there are many genes contributing to
hair curliness, most of them unknown. The main driver to have been
identified is a gene that produces a protein called trichohyalin (TCHH),
which strengthens the growing hair.
Curly Hair is thought to protect the scalp as people walked in the
intense African or equatorial UV light.
Hair Follicle
resides in the dermal layer of the skin and is made up of 20 different
cell types, each with distinct functions. The hair follicle regulates hair
growth via a complex interaction between hormones, neuropeptides and
immune cells. This complex interaction induces the hair follicle to
produce different types of hair as seen on different parts of the body.
For example, terminal hairs grow on the scalp and lanugo hairs are seen
covering the bodies of fetuses in utero and in some new born babies.
The process of hair growth occurs in distinct sequential stages. The first
stage is called anagen and is the active growth phase, catagen is the
resting stage, telogen is the regression of the hair follicle phase,
exogen is the active shedding of hair phase and lastly kenogen is the
phase between the empty hair follicle and the growth of new hair.
Hair Loss.
Human Hair Growth
occurs everywhere on the body except for the soles of the feet, the lips,
palms of the hands, some external genital areas, the navel, scar tissue,
and, apart from eyelashes, the eyelids. Like skin, hair is a stratified
squamous keratinized epithelium made of multi-layered flat cells whose
rope-like filaments provide structure and strength to the hair shaft. Hair
follows a specific growth cycle with three distinct and concurrent phases:
anagen, catagen, and telogen phases. Each phase has specific
characteristics that determine the length of the hair. All three phases
occur simultaneously; one strand of hair may be in the anagen phase, while
another is in the telogen phase. The body has different types of hair,
including vellus hair and androgenic hair, each with its own type of
cellular construction. The different construction gives the hair unique
characteristics, serving specific purposes, mainly warmth and protection.
Most humans develop the longest thickest hair on their scalps and (mostly
observed in males) faces. This hair will usually grow to several feet
before terminating, but many humans develop much longer hair.
Ingrown Hair is a condition where hair curls back or grows sideways
into the skin. The condition is most prevalent among people who have
coarse or curly hair. It may or may not be accompanied by an infection of
the hair follicle (folliculitis) or "razor bumps" (pseudofolliculitis
barbae), which vary in size. While ingrown hair most commonly appears in
areas where the skin is shaved or waxed (beard, legs, pubic region), it
can appear anywhere. Anything which causes the hair to be broken off
unevenly with a sharp tip can cause ingrown hairs. Ingrown hairs are also
caused because of lack of natural exfoliation in the skin.
Aging Changes Hair & Nails -
Grey Hair
Body
Hair, or androgenic hair, is the terminal hair that develops on the
human body during and after puberty. It is differentiated from the head
hair and less visible vellus hair, which are much finer and lighter in
color. The growth of androgenic hair is related to the level of androgens
(often referred to as male hormones; due to the production levels in males
being higher on average, but it is actually present in both sexes, and
therefore is a unisex hormone) in the individual.
Vellus Hair is
short, thin, slight-colored, and barely noticeable thin hair that develops
on most of a person's body during childhood. Exceptions include the lips,
the back of the ear, the palm of the hand, the sole of the foot, some
external genital areas, the navel, and scar tissue. The density of hair –
the number of hair follicles per area of skin – varies from person to
person. Each strand of vellus hair is usually less than 2 mm (1/13 inch)
long and the follicle is not connected to a sebaceous gland. Vellus hair
is most easily observed on children and adult women, as it generally has
less terminal hair to obscure it. Vellus hair is not lanugo hair. Lanugo
hair is a much thicker type of hair that normally grows only on fetuses.
Vellus hair is differentiated from the more visible terminal or androgenic
hair, which develops only during and after puberty, usually to a greater
extent on men than it does on women. The Latin language uses the word
vellus to designate "a fleece" or "wool". In slang usage, vellus hair is
sometimes referred to as "peach fuzz" due to its resemblance to the downy
epidermic growths on the peach fruit. Compared to other animals, humans
appear relatively hairless, but you have more hair follicles crammed onto
each square inch of your skin than the hairiest chimpanzee, monkey, or
gorilla. The difference is that most of your hair (whether you’re a man or
a woman) is nearly invisible. It consists of a fine, slow-growing, almost
colorless covering of downy hair called vellus hair. Vellus hair blankets
your body, insulating your skin and heightening your sensitivity to touch.
It’s the reason you can sometimes “feel” a person moving past you in a
darkened room—the passing air currents disturb your fine hairs and trigger
the sensitive nerves attached to them. However, vellus hair is easily
overlooked and nearly invisible without a magnifying glass. It’s sometimes
known as “peach fuzz.”
Terminal Hair
are thick, long, and dark, as compared with vellus hair. During puberty,
the increase in androgenic hormone levels causes vellus hair to be
replaced with terminal hair in certain parts of the human body. These
parts will have different levels of sensitivity to androgens, primarily of
the testosterone family. The
Pubic
area Hair is particularly sensitive to such hormones, as are the
armpits which will develop axillary hair. Pubic and axillary hair will
develop on both men and women, to the extent that such hair qualifies as a
secondary sex characteristic, although males will develop terminal hair in
more areas. This includes
facial hair,
chest
hair,
abdominal hair, leg and arm hair, and foot hair. Human females on the
other hand can be expected to retain more of the vellus hair. Terminal
Hair is the more obvious hair found on your body, including the hair on
your head, your eyebrows, and your eyelashes. After puberty, terminal hair
appears in many more places on your body—some where it’s wanted, and some
where it’s decidedly inconvenient. Your eyebrow and eyelash hair also
provide a home for a bizarre, sausage-shaped created called Demodex. It
doesn’t spread disease or cause irritation, except in people who have
severely compromised immune systems due to some other disease. The
terminal hair on your eyelashes keeps dirt and insects out of your eyes.
Your ear hairs and nose hairs play a similar role. The terminal hair on
your eyebrows prevents sweat and rain from dripping onto your face. On
your head, terminal hair helps prevent sunburns on sunny days and heat
loss on cold ones.
Pubic
Hair is a type of terminal hair that serves as a secondary sexual
characteristic. That means it’s there to advertise that you’re a fully
functioning adult with the appropriate baby-making abilities. Hair doesn’t
grow faster or thicker after you shave it (on any part of your body). Hair
doesn’t grow faster at night. Female hair doesn’t grow faster during
menstruation. Instead, all hair grows at a constant rate with a brief
resting period. Frequent washing, blow drying, and dyeing your hair
activities might make your current hair more brittle and fragile. But even
if you damage a hair to the point of falling out, the same hair follicle
will produce a new one to take its place. You’re born with all the hair
follicles you’ll ever have. As you grow and your skin stretches from
infant-sized to adult proportions, your hair follicles simply become more
spread out. While you’re
pregnant, each hair clings on a little bit longer, eventually giving
you a fuller head of hair. After you give birth, your body sheds its hair
more quickly to make up for lost time. The only ways to remove hair
permanently are laser hair removal and electrolysis. Both treatments take
numerous sessions over the course of many months, and neither treatment
works for all people or all hair. Wearing hats doesn’t cause hair loss.
Male-pattern baldness, which causes the infamous ring-around-the-bald-spot
effect, develops gradually and eventually affects about two-thirds of all
men. Its causes are genetic, and its treatments are few.
The average scalp has
100-150 thousand hairs.
Hair is so strong that if you made all of your hair into a rope,
it could hold 10-15 tons or about 3.5 ounces per strand.
Hair also has the highest rate of cell division in the body. It
grows at .3mm per day on average, and 1 cm per month.
Thankfully, each hair has its own life cycle. If it didn’t,
instead of losing hair randomly, we would molt.
Hair grows in three phases:
Anagen- The active growth stage (80-85% of hair is in this
phase);
Catagen- This phase is also known as the transitional phase,
when hair begins to stop growing; and
telogen- this phase is when hair growth is completely shut down
and the fibers fall out (10-15% of our hair is in this phase at
any given time). After your hair goes through the Telogen phase,
Anagen begins again and voila! More hair!
Melanin is a common amino acid in most all living organisms on
planet Earth. Interestingly, spiders are one of only a few
species that do not produce melanin.
Hair Care is an
overall term for hygiene and
cosmetology
involving the hair which grows from the human scalp, and to a lesser
extent facial, pubic and other body hair. Hair care routines differ
according to an individual's culture and the physical characteristics of
one's hair. Hair may be colored, trimmed, shaved, plucked, or otherwise
removed with treatments such as waxing, sugaring, and threading. Hair care
services are offered in salons, barbershops, and day spas, and products
are available commercially for home use. Laser hair removal and
electrolysis are also available, though these are provided (in the US) by
licensed professionals in medical offices or specialty
spas.
Hair Cutting
-
Styling Hair -
Hair
Washing -
Hair
Styles based on Head Shape (image) -
Women
Hairstyles (pdf)
Bowl Cut
or bowl haircut, is a simple, plain, and short haircut where the hair is
cut with a straight fringe on the front and the rest of the hair is the
same length all the way around or is cut short on the sides and back. It
is so named because it looks as though someone were to place a bowl on the
head and cut off or trim all of the hair to a very short length. A bowl
cut is also known for being a cheap and easy haircut often sported by
children, typically in less developed countries worldwide. Historically,
the bowl haircut was popular among common people of various nationalities
as an easy and relatively neat cut by a non-professional. Indeed, it was
done by putting a cooking pot of a fit size to the level of the ears, and
all hair below the rim was cut or shaved off. In some cultures it was a
normal type of haircut. In other cultures the bowl cut was viewed as an
attribute of poverty, signifying that the wearer could not afford to visit
a barber.
How To Cut Your Own Hair STEP BY STEP - Simple Faded Undercut Self-Haircut
Tutorial (youtube)
QUICK & EASY HOME
HAIRCUT TUTORIAL & TIPS (How to Cut Your Own Hair) (youtube)
Layered Hair is a hairstyle that gives the illusion of length and
volume using long hair for the illusion of length and short hair for
volume, as an easy style to manage. Hair is arranged into layers, with the
top layers (those that grow nearer the crown) cut shorter than the layers
beneath. This allows the tips of the top layers to blend apparently
seamlessly with layers beneath.
Shaving
is the removal of hair, by using a razor or any other kind of bladed
implement, to slice it down—to the level of the skin or otherwise. Shaving
is most commonly practiced by men to remove their facial hair and by women
to remove their leg and underarm hair. A man is called clean-shaven if he
has had his beard entirely removed.
Shave (wikihow) -
Dollar Shave Club
Manscaping is when a man grooms, trims or shaves his pubic
hair, or the hair on his body.
Pubic Hair Grooming Prevalence and Motivation Among Women in
the United States.
Cosmetology
is the study and application of
beauty treatment.
Esthetician is a
person skilled in giving beauty treatments (manicures and facials etc.).
Make up -
Natural Products
-
Showering
Clean the Body from the Inside
Your hair stores a permanent record of the
toxins you ingest.
A standard hair drug test searches for traces of drugs consumed over the
last 90 days. But take longer strands of hair or some slow-growing body
hair and you can easily put the last year of your life under the
microscope.
Nitpicking is the act of removing Nits (the eggs of
Lice,
generally
Head
Lice) from the host's hair. As the nits are cemented to individual
hairs, they cannot be removed with most lice combs and before modern
chemical methods were invented, the only options were to shave all the
host's hair or to pick them free one by one. This is a slow and laborious
process, as the root of each individual hair must be examined for
infestation. It was largely abandoned as modern chemical methods became
available; however, as lice populations can and do develop resistance,
manual nitpicking is still often necessary.
Nit-Picking as to criticism.
Hair Loss - Baldness
Hair
Loss refers to a loss of hair from part of the head or body. Typically
at least the head is involved. The severity of hair loss can vary from a
small area to the entire body. Typically
inflammation or scarring is not
present. Hair loss in some people causes psychological distress. Common
types include: male-pattern hair loss, female-pattern hair loss, alopecia
areata, and a thinning of hair known as telogen effluvium. The cause of
male-pattern hair loss is a combination of genetics and male hormones, the
cause of female pattern hair loss is unclear, the cause of alopecia areata
is
autoimmune, and the cause of telogen
effluvium is typically a physically or psychologically stressful event.
Telogen effluvium is very common following pregnancy. Less common causes
of hair loss without inflammation or scarring include the pulling out of
hair, certain medications including chemotherapy, HIV/AIDS,
hypothyroidism, and malnutrition including iron deficiency. Causes of hair
loss that occurs with scarring or inflammation include fungal infection,
lupus erythematosus, radiation therapy, and sarcoidosis. Diagnosis of hair
loss is partly based on the areas affected. Treatment of pattern hair loss
may simply involve accepting the condition. Interventions that can be
tried include the medications minoxidil (or finasteride) and hair
transplant surgery. Alopecia areata may be treated by steroid injections
in the affected area, but these need to be frequently repeated to be
effective. Hair loss is a common problem. Pattern hair loss by age 50
affects about half of males and a quarter of females. About 2% of people
develop alopecia areata at some point in time.
Pattern Hair Loss is also known as male-pattern hair loss (MPHL) when
it affects males and female-pattern hair loss (FPHL) when it affects
females, is hair loss that primarily affects the top and front of the
scalp. In males, the hair loss often presents as a receding hairline,
while in females, it typically presents as a
thinning of the hair. Male pattern hair loss is believed to be due
to a combination of genetics and the male hormone dihydrotestosterone. The
cause in female pattern hair loss remains unclear. Management may include
simply accepting the condition. Otherwise, treatments may include
minoxidil, finasteride, or hair transplant surgery. Evidence for
finasteride in women, however, is poor and it may result in birth defects
if taken during pregnancy. Pattern hair loss by the age of 50 affects
about half of males and a quarter of females. It is the most common cause of hair loss.
Androgenetic Alopecia is a common form of hair loss in both men and
women. In men, this condition is also known as male-pattern baldness. Hair
is lost in a well-defined pattern, beginning above both temples. Over
time, the hairline recedes to form a characteristic "M" shape. Hair also
thins at the crown (near the top of the head), often progressing to
partial or complete
baldness.
Alopecia Areata also known as spot baldness, is a condition in which
hair is lost from some or all areas of the body. Often it results in a few
bald spots on the scalp, each about the size of a coin. Psychological
stress may result. People are generally otherwise healthy. In a few cases,
all the hair on the scalp or all body hair is lost and loss can be
permanent. Alopecia areata is believed to be an autoimmune disease
resulting from a breach in the immune privilege of the hair follicles.
Risk factors include a family history of the condition. Among identical
twins if one is affected the other has about a 50% chance of also being
affected. The underlying mechanism involves failure by the body to
recognize its own cells with subsequent immune mediated destruction of the
hair follicle.
Traction Alopecia is a form of alopecia, or gradual hair loss, caused
primarily by pulling force being applied to the hair.
Hair Pulling.
Eyes
Eyes (seeing is not believing)
Ears
Clean Your Ears (wikihow)
-
How
to clean your Ears.
Ear is the organ of
Hearing and
balance.
Teeth
Brush 2 Times a Day -
Bad Breath -
Digestion Tract
Bathing - Taking a Bath - Showering -
How often you should bathe depends on many different factors.
Bathing is the washing of the body with a fluid, usually
water or an aqueous solution, or the
immersion of the body in water.
Soap
-
Disinfect (clean).
Personal
Grooming is the art of cleaning, grooming, and maintaining parts of
the body.
Experts tend to agree that most people should
avoid showering
too frequently and in fact, if they reduce the frequency it can
be an incredibly healthy decision for their skin. The exceptions
to this rule are people who commute in the subway or other
crowded spaces, go to the gym daily or are in contact with
potentially sick people (such as those coughing, sneezing or
sniffling during the flu season).
In most cases you only need to shower twice out of each three
days and some people can do so just every other day. When you
avoid showering daily, your skin is better able to maintain its
balance, making it radiant and healthy. The important thing is
to remember to use a wash cloth on any specific areas that need
daily attention for hygienic or smell-related reasons.
Washing
your hair no more than two times a week should help maintain the
natural oil production, while achieving moisture balance. And if
you have coarse or curly hair, try once every seven days. If you
feel the need to wash your hair every day because you use public places that are filled with bacteria (like the
subway or buses), or have a job that is physically demanding, or
exercise regularly, don't worry. Try to use
sulfate-free shampoos
and
protein conditioning treatment.
Shower Cap
is a cover worn on top of the head while showering or bathing to protect
hair from becoming wet.
Bathing Tips: Don't forget to clean
your feet. Shampoo your hair no more than two times a week. Apply
hair conditioner on your roots first. A long shower can actually remove
much-needed moisture from the skin, especially a hot shower. This can leave your skin feeling dry
and itchy. A shower should be 5 to 10 minutes long. A burst of
cold
water at the end of your shower can be quite good for you. helps increased
tolerance to stress, can boost your immune system, increased fat
burning, and has anti-depressant effects. Use a fluffy towel to
lightly
pat, not scrub or rub, your body. Moisturize your skin while it is
still damp.
Elta md hydrating moisturizing facial and uv sunscreen with transparent
zinc oxide. (amazon)
Mindfulness Showering:
When taking a shower you should use that moment to notice your senses,
feel the temperature of the water, intimately experiencing the soap
against your skin and the sensual experience of a showering. Smell the
aromas of the soap, listen to the running water or the feeling of rubbing
shampoo into your scalp. Think of your showering as a metaphor for washing
away stale irrelevant thoughts,
feelings and bad
memories.
Negative ions produced by running
water can also cleanse the
aura.
Meditation.
Skin
Skin is the soft outer covering of vertebrates. An organ of the
integumentary system made up of multiple
layers of ectodermal tissue, and guards the underlying
muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs.
Cuts.
Skin Color -
Pore Sweat Glands -
Skin Picking -
Touching -
Skin Product Warnings -
Skin Cancer -
Shower
Epidermis is the outer two layers that
make up the skin (or cutis), the inner layer being the dermis. It provides
a barrier to infection from environmental pathogens and regulates the
amount of water released from the body into the atmosphere through
transepidermal water loss (TEWL).
The outermost part of the epidermis is composed of a stratified layer of
flattened cells, that overly a basal layer (stratum basale) composed of
columnar cells arranged perpendicularly.
Stratum Corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis, consisting of
dead cells (corneocytes). This layer is composed of 15–20 layers of
flattened cells with no nuclei and cell organelles. Their cytoplasm shows
filamentous keratin. These corneocytes are embedded in a lipid matrix
composed of ceramides, cholesterol, and fatty acids.
Stratum Spinosum is a layer of the epidermis found between the
stratum granulosum and
Stratum Basale, which is the deepest layer of the five layers of the
epidermis, the outer covering of skin in mammals.
Hair.
Dermis is a layer of
skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the cutis) and
subcutaneous tissues, that primarily consists of dense irregular
connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain. It is
divided into two
layers, the superficial area adjacent to the epidermis
called the papillary region and a deep thicker area known as the reticular
dermis. The dermis is tightly connected to the epidermis through a
basement membrane. Structural components of the dermis are collagen,
elastic fibers, and extrafibrillar
matrix. It also contains
mechanoreceptors that provide the
sense of touch and thermoreceptors that
provide the sense of heat. In addition, hair follicles, sweat glands,
sebaceous glands, apocrine glands, lymphatic vessels and blood vessels are
present in the dermis. Those blood vessels provide nourishment and waste
removal for both dermal and epidermal cells. Your
Fingerprints were formed while you were still in your mother’s womb.
To biologists, fingerprints are known as friction ridges, and they’re
thought to improve our
sense of touch.
They might also give you a better grip on small, wet objects. And thanks
to your sebaceous glands and your sweat glands, your fingerprints leave
wet, oily tracks wherever they’ve been.
Your
skin makes a lightly acidic secretion to help protect itself. This is
called the Acid Mantle. Because it is acidic, the most effective way to
clean it off, along with excess oils, dirt and germs, is using an alkaline
foaming system (soap!). Cold process soap is naturally alkaline with a pH
of around 9-10. This pH helps to gently clean the skin.
Acid
Mantle is a very fine, slightly acidic film on the surface of human
skin acting as a barrier to bacteria, viruses and other potential
contaminants that might penetrate the skin. Sebum is secreted by the
sebaceous gland and when mixed with sweat becomes the acid mantle. The
pH of the skin is between 4.5 and 6.2,
slightly acidic. Since blood is slightly alkaline (7.4), pathogenic
bacteria that become adapted to the pH of the skin and are able to reach
internal tissues will encounter an environment to which they are less well
adapted. This combination of acidic exterior and alkaline interior is one
of the body's non-specific host defenses against bacterial pathogens.
Epithelium is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with
connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissues
line the outer surfaces of organs and blood vessels throughout the body,
as well as the inner surfaces of cavities in many internal organs. An
example is the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. There are three
principal shapes of epithelial cell: squamous, columnar, and cuboidal.
These can be arranged in a single layer of cells as simple epithelium,
either squamous, columnar, or cuboidal, or in layers of two or more cells
deep as stratified (layered), either squamous, columnar or cuboidal. In
some tissues, a layer of columnar cells may appear to be stratified due to
the placement of the nuclei. This sort of tissue is called
pseudostratified. All glands are made up of epithelial cells. Functions of
epithelial cells include secretion, selective absorption, protection,
transcellular transport, and sensing. Epithelial layers contain no blood
vessels, so they must receive nourishment via diffusion of substances from
the underlying connective tissue, through the basement membrane. Cell
junctions are well employed in epithelial tissues.
Face Mites
(youtube) - You probably have
Demodex
Mites living on your face. These tiny arachnids feast on sebum, the
greasy oil in your pores.
Integumentary
System is the organ system that protects the body from various kinds
of damage, such as
loss of water or abrasion from outside. The system
comprises the skin and its appendages (including
hair, scales, feathers,
hooves, and
nails).
Skin
Flora referred to as skin
microbiota, refers to the microorganisms which reside on the skin,
typically human skin. Many of them are bacteria of which there are around
1000 species upon human skin from nineteen
phyla. Most are found in the superficial layers of the epidermis and the
upper parts of hair follicles. Skin flora is usually non-pathogenic, and
either commensal (are not harmful to their host) or mutualistic (offer a
benefit). The benefits
bacteria
can offer include preventing transient pathogenic organisms from
colonizing the skin surface, either by competing for nutrients, secreting
chemicals against them, or stimulating the skin's immune system. However,
resident microbes can cause skin diseases and enter the blood system,
creating life-threatening diseases, particularly in immunosuppressed
people. A major non-human skin flora is Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a
chytrid and non-hyphal zoosporic fungus that causes chytridiomycosis, an
infectious disease thought to be responsible for the decline in amphibian
populations.
Collagen is the main structural protein in the extracellular space in
the various connective tissues in the body. As the main component of
connective tissue, it is the most abundant protein in mammals, making 25%
to 35% of the whole-body protein content. Collagen consists of amino acids
wound together to form triple-helices of elongated fibrils. It is mostly
found in fibrous tissues such as tendons,
ligaments, and skin.
Collagen Peptides or
Hydrolyzed Collagen are a hydrolyzed form
of collagen. Peptan is produced by a carefully controlled enzymatic
hydrolysis producing much smaller and easily digestible collagen peptides.
Hydrolyzed collagen is well-known for its neutral taste and odor,
which also makes it easy to consume. Consuming hydrolyzed collagen allows
your body to maximize the benefits that collagen has to offer. Peptan is
derived from 100 percent natural sources and is free from any
side-effects. These bioactive peptides contain more than 97 percent
protein (on a dry weight basis).
A newfound organ, the interstitium, is seen
here beneath the top layer of skin, but is also in tissue layers lining
the gut, lungs,
blood
vessels, and muscles. The organ is a body-wide network of
interconnected, fluid-filled compartments supported by a meshwork of
strong, flexible proteins.
Dermatology is the branch of medicine
dealing with the skin, nails, hair and its diseases.
Academy of Dermatology.
Sun Burn -
Degree of Burns
Lotion -
Cream -
Vitamins
Acne also
known as acne vulgaris, is a long-term skin disease that occurs when hair
follicles are clogged with dead skin cells and oil from the skin. It is
characterized by blackheads or whiteheads, pimples, oily skin, and
possible scarring. It primarily affects areas of the skin with a
relatively high number of oil glands, including the face, upper part of
the chest, and back. The resulting appearance can lead to anxiety, reduced
self-esteem and, in extreme cases, depression or thoughts of suicide.
The role of diet and cigarette smoking is
unclear, and neither cleanliness nor exposure to sunlight appear to play a
part. During puberty, in both sexes, acne is often brought on by an
increase in hormones such as testosterone. A frequent factor is excessive
growth of the bacterium Propionibacterium acnes, which is normally present
on the skin. Many treatment options for acne are available, including
lifestyle changes, medications, and medical procedures.
Eating fewer simple carbohydrates such as
sugar may help. Treatments applied directly to the affected skin, such
as azelaic acid, benzoyl peroxide, and salicylic acid, are commonly used.
Antibiotics and retinoids are
available in formulations that are applied to the skin and taken by mouth
for the treatment of acne. However, resistance to antibiotics may develop
as a result of antibiotic therapy. Several types of birth control pills
help against acne in women. Isotretinoin pills are usually reserved for
severe acne due to greater potential side effects. Early and aggressive
treatment of acne is advocated by some in the medical community to
decrease the overall long-term impact to individuals. In 2015, acne was
estimated to affect 633 million people globally, making it the 8th most
common disease worldwide. Acne commonly occurs in adolescence and affects
an estimated 80–90% of teenagers in the Western world. Lower rates are
reported in some rural societies. Children and adults may also be affected
before and after puberty. Although acne becomes less common in adulthood,
it persists in nearly half of affected people into their twenties and
thirties and a smaller group continue to have difficulties into their
forties.
Holistic Dermatology
Balance Me
Beautiful Skin Care Tips - Healthy and Balanced Lifestyle Advice.
Dermatitis also known as
eczema, is a
group of diseases that results in
inflammation of the skin. These diseases are characterized by
itchiness, red skin, and a rash. In cases of short duration there may be
small blisters while in long-term cases the skin may become thickened. The
area of skin involved can vary from small to the entire body. Dermatitis
was estimated to affect 245 million people globally in 2015. Some common
emollients for the relief of eczema include Oilatum, Balneum, Medi Oil,
Diprobase, bath oils and aqueous cream. Sebexol, Epaderm ointment, Exederm,
and Eucerin lotion or cream may also be helpful with itching. Lotions or
creams may be applied directly to the skin after bathing to lock in
moisture. Moisturizing gloves (gloves which keep
emollients in contact with skin on the hands) can be worn while sleeping.
Generally, twice-daily applications of emollients work best. While creams
are easy to apply, they are quickly absorbed into the skin, and therefore
need frequent reapplication. Ointments, with less water content, stay on
the skin for longer and need fewer applications, but they can be greasy
and inconvenient. Recently, ceramides, which are the major lipid
constituent of the stratum corneum, have been used in the treatment of
eczema. They are often one of the ingredients of modern moisturizers.
These lipids were also successfully produced synthetically in the
laboratory. A randomized control trial in infants found that subjects with
atopic dermatitis that were treated with emollients (e.g., Eucerin,
Cetaphil, Nutraderm) had significantly decreased requirements for topical
steroids compared with a control group who were not treated with them.
Emollients are best applied immediately after bathing when the skin is
well hydrated.
Rosacea is a chronic but treatable condition that
primarily affects the central face, and is often characterized by
flare-ups and remissions. It results in redness, pimples, swelling, and
small and superficial dilated blood vessels. Often the nose, cheeks,
forehead, and chin are most involved. A red enlarged nose may occur in
severe disease, a condition known as
rhinophyma. Rosacea is pronounced “roh-ZAY-sha”. Rosacea may develop in many ways and at any age. Although
rosacea can affect all segments of the population and all skin types,
individuals with fair skin who tend to flush or blush easily are believed
to be at greatest risk. Recent studies have shown that the facial redness
is likely to be the start of an
inflammatory continuum initiated by a combination of neurovascular
dysregulation and the innate
immune system.
Further research has now demonstrated that a marked increase in
mast cells, located at
the interface between the nervous system and vascular system, is a common
link in all major presentations of the disorder. Beyond neurovascular and
immune system factors, the presence of a microscopic mite called
Demodex folliculorum has been considered as a potential contributor to
rosacea. This mite is a normal inhabitant of human skin, but has been
found to be substantially more abundant in the facial skin of rosacea
patients. Researchers have also discovered that two genetic variants of
the human genome may be associated with the disorder. Because the signs
and symptoms of rosacea vary from one patient to another,
treatment must be tailored. A gentle
skin-care routine can also help control rosacea. Patients are advised to
clean their face with a mild and non-abrasive
cleanser, then rinse with lukewarm water and blot the face dry with
a thick cotton towel. Never pull, tug or use a rough washcloth. Patients
may apply non-irritating skin-care products as needed, and are advised to
protect the skin from sun exposure using a sunscreen that delivers UVA/UVB
protection with an SPF of 30 or higher. Mild or pediatric formulations are
available for sensitive skin, and look for non-chemical (mineral)
sunscreens that contain zinc or titanium dioxide. Rosacea patients should
avoid any skin-care products that sting, burn or cause additional redness.
rosacea patients can improve their chances of
maintaining remission by identifying and avoiding lifestyle and
environmental factors — often related to flushing — that may
trigger flare-ups or aggravate their individual conditions. Identifying
these factors is an individual process, however, because what causes a
flare-up in one person may have no effect on another. To help identify
personal trigger factors, rosacea patients are advised to
keep a diary of daily
activities or events and relate them to any flare-ups they may
experience.
National
Rosacea Society.
Rash is a
change of the human skin which affects its color, appearance, or texture.
A rash may be localized in one part of the body, or affect all the skin.
Rashes may cause the skin to change color, itch, become warm, bumpy,
chapped, dry, cracked or blistered, swell, and may be painful. The causes,
and therefore treatments for rashes, vary widely. Diagnosis must take into
account such things as the appearance of the rash, other symptoms, what
the patient may have been exposed to, occupation, and occurrence in family
members. The diagnosis may confirm any number of conditions. The presence
of a rash may aid diagnosis; associated signs and symptoms are diagnostic
of certain diseases. For example, the rash in measles is an erythematous,
morbilliform, maculopapular rash that begins a few days after the fever
starts. It classically starts at the head, and spreads downwards.
Stress Rashes
often take the form of hives, also called wheals or welts. Hives can
appear anywhere on the body.
Stress puts your
body in a state of extreme tension and releases a great deal of cortisol
and adrenaline into your bloodstream - both of which are known to lead to
skin reactions.
Hives is
a kind of skin rash with red, raised, itchy bumps. They may also burn or
sting. Often the patches of rash move around. Typically they last a few
days and do not leave any long-lasting skin changes. Fewer than 5% of
cases last for more than six weeks. The condition frequently recurs. Hives
frequently occur following an infection or as a result of an
allergic reaction such
as to medication, insect bites, or food. Psychological stress, cold
temperature, or vibration may also be a trigger. In half of cases the
cause remains unknown. Risk factors include having conditions such as hay
fever or asthma. Diagnosis is typically based on the appearance. Patch
testing may be useful to determine the allergy. Prevention is by avoiding
whatever it is that causes the condition. Treatment is typically with
antihistamines such as diphenhydramine and ranitidine. In severe cases,
corticosteroids or leukotriene inhibitors may also be used. Keeping the
environmental temperature cool is also useful. For cases that last more
than six weeks immunosuppressants such as ciclosporin may be used. About
20% of people are affected. Cases of short duration occur equally in males
and females while cases of long duration are more common in females. Cases
of short duration are more common among children while cases of long
duration are more common among those who are middle aged. Hives have been
described at least since the time of Hippocrates. The term urticaria is
from the Latin urtica meaning "nettle". Hives can also be classified by
the purported causative agent. Many different substances in the
environment may cause hives, including medications, food and physical
agents. In perhaps more than 50% of people with chronic hives of unknown
cause, it is due to an
autoimmune reaction.
The mainstay of therapy for both acute and chronic hives is education,
avoiding triggers and using
antihistamines, which are drugs which treat allergic rhinitis and
other
allergies.
Urticaria, also
known as hives, is an outbreak of swollen, pale red bumps or plaques
(wheals) on the skin that appear suddenly -- either as a result of the
body's reaction to certain allergens, or for unknown reasons. Hives
usually cause itching, but may also burn or sting. Urticaria is an itchy
skin eruption characterized by weals with pale interiors and well-defined
red margins; usually the result of an allergic response to insect bites,
food or drugs.
Eczema, or atopic
dermatitis, is a rash that primarily occurs in people with asthma or
allergies. Any red eruption of the skin.
Atopic
dermatitis or eczema is a condition that makes your skin red and
itchy. It's common in children but can occur at any age. Atopic dermatitis
is long lasting (chronic) and tends to flare periodically. It may be
accompanied by asthma or hay fever.
Necrosis is a form of cell injury which
results in the premature death of cells in living tissue by
autolysis, which refers to the destruction of a cell through the
action of its own
enzymes,
which are catalysts that increase the rate of a reaction by lowering its
activation energy. Most enzymes are
proteins.
Diagnosing and treating skin diseases of Patients with dark skin.
Patients with dark skin can present with morphologic variants, subtle
disease presentations, and disease manifestations requiring unique
management and therapies. With African Americans, Asians, and Hispanic
Americans becoming a significant portion of the population, dermatologists
must be able to diagnose and manage
skin
conditions in people of color.
Swimmer's Itch is a short-term
immune reaction occurring in the skin
of humans that have been infected by water-borne schistosomatidae.
Symptoms, which include itchy, raised papules, commonly occur within hours
of infection and do not generally last more than a week. It is common in
freshwater, brackish and marine habitats worldwide. Incidence may be on
the rise, although this may also be attributed to better monitoring. There
are no permanent effects to people from this condition. Orally
administered hydroxyzine, an antihistamine, is sometimes prescribed to
treat swimmer's
itch and similar dermal allergic reactions. In addition,
bathing in oatmeal, baking soda, or Epsom salts can also provide relief of
symptoms.
Scratching the Skin primes the gut for Allergic Reactions to Food.
Research illuminates relationship between eczema and food allergy.
Scratching the skin triggers a series of
immune responses culminating in an increased number of activated mast
cells -- immune cells involved in
allergic reactions.
This newly identified skin-gut communication helps illuminate the
relationship between food allergy and atopic dermatitis (a type of
eczema), a disease characterized by dry, itchy skin. Atopic dermatitis is
a strong risk factor for developing food allergy. The researchers found
that some cells in the skin respond to scratching -- simulated by applying
and removing small strips of tape on the skin of mice -- by producing a
cell-signaling protein called IL-33, which enters the bloodstream. When
IL-33 reaches the gut, it works in concert with IL-25, a protein secreted
by cells in the lining of the intestine, to activate type 2 innate
lymphoid cells (ILC2s). Activated ILC2s make two additional cell-signaling
proteins, IL-13 and IL-4, which were found to be responsible for the
expansion of intestinal mast cells. The researchers also found that as
mast cells expanded, the intestinal lining became more permeable, making
it easier for allergens to enter the tissues.
Scratching is a form of rubbing which may
create scratches; living creatures that scratch their skin usually do so
in response to
itching, which response
is sometimes called a
scratch reflex.
If you scratch yourself a lot, you should
trim
your nails short and
file your nails so that your
nails are smooth with no sharp edges.
Self Harm.
How your Brain senses an itch. A set of neurons in spinal cord help
transmit a light-touch signal from skin to brain. Light touch plays a
critical role in everyday tasks, such as picking up a glass or playing a
musical instrument. The sensation is also an essential part of the body's
protective defense system, alerting us to objects in our environment that
could cause us to fall or injure ourselves. In addition, it is part of the
detection system that has evolved to protect us from biting insects, such
as those that cause malaria and Lyme disease, by eliciting a feeling of an
itch when an insect lands on your skin.
Photosensitivity is the amount to which an object reacts upon
receiving photons, especially visible light. In medicine, the term is
principally used for abnormal reactions of the skin, and two types are
distinguished, photoallergy and phototoxicity. The photosensitive
ganglion cells in the mammalian eye are a separate class of
light-detecting cells from the photoreceptor cells that function in
vision.
Photodermatitis sometimes referred to as sun poisoning or photoallergy,
is a form of allergic contact dermatitis in which the allergen must be
activated by light to sensitize the allergic response, and to cause a rash
or other systemic effects on subsequent exposure. The second and
subsequent exposures produce photoallergic skin conditions which are often
eczematous. It is distinct from
sunburn.
Phototoxicity is a chemically induced skin irritation, requiring
light, that does not involve the immune system. It is a type of
photosensitivity.
Bathing in a Clean River can Boost Immunity and Mood.
Schistosomatidae is a family of digenetic trematodes with complex
parasitic life cycles. Immature developmental stages of schistosomes are
found in molluscs and adults occur in vertebrates. The best studied group,
the blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma, infect and cause disease in
humans. Other genera which are infective to non-human vertebrates can
cause mild rashes in humans. Schistosomatids are dioecious (individuals
are of separate sexes) which is exceptional with regards to their phylum,
Platyhelminthes, in which most species are hermaphrodidic (individuals
possess both male and female reproductive systems).
Cercarial Dermatitis.
Germ Theory
of Disease states that some
diseases are caused by
microorganisms.
Parasitic Skin Disease. Scientists use CRISPR to edit structural gene
in organism that causes
leishmaniasis. Scientists are planning for Phase 1 human trials of a
vaccine they developed by using CRISPR gene-editing technology to mutate
the parasite that causes leishmaniasis, a skin disease common in tropical
regions of the world and gaining ground in the United States.
Exfoliation in cosmetology involves the removal of the oldest dead skin
cells on the skin's outermost surface. Exfoliation is involved in the
process of all facials, during
microdermabrasion or
chemical peels. Exfoliation can be achieved through mechanical or
chemical means. You should exfoliate two to three times a week for normal
and combination skin, and once a week for sensitive skin.
Facial
is a family of skin care treatments for the face, including steam,
exfoliation, extraction, creams, lotions, facial masks, peels, and
massage. They are
normally performed in beauty salons, but are also a common spa treatment.
They are used for general skin health as well as for specific skin
conditions. Types of facials include European facial, LED light therapy
facials, and mini-facials.
Self-Healing Material are artificial or
synthetically-created substances that have the built-in ability to
automatically repair damage to themselves without any external diagnosis
of the problem or human intervention.
Wart, Mole
or
Skin Cancer
Why is skin thick on the soles of the feet?
Callus
is a toughened area of skin which has become relatively thick and hard in
response to repeated friction, pressure, or other irritation.
Blister
is a small pocket of lymph within the upper layers of the skin, typically
caused by forceful rubbing (friction),
burning, freezing, chemical
exposure or infection. Most blisters are filled with a clear fluid, either
serum or plasma. However, blisters can be filled with blood (known as
blood blisters) or with pus (if they become infected).
Tissue in biology is a cellular organizational level between
cells and
a complete organ. A tissue is an ensemble of similar cells and their
extracellular matrix from the
same origin that together carry out a specific function. Organs are then
formed by the functional grouping together of multiple tissues.
A few millimeters of tissue keeps their blood from oozing out of their body. It
helps keep water and nutrients inside your body, where they belong, and it
keeps undesirable elements—like toxins and marauding bacteria—outside most
of the time. Skin does far more than the obvious task of keeping your
insides on the inside. It’s a washable, stretchable, self-repairing fabric
that lasts a lifetime with minimal care. It’s also home to your hair,
nails, and sweat glands. If your skin was laid flat, your skin occupies
about 20 square feet of space.
This Is How Your
Skin Holds In Bodily Fluids (youtube) - A tight seal but still porous.
Epidermis keeps you leak proof using the
Stratum Granulosum, which are layers of
Tetrakaidecahedrons in a
Honeycomb pattern.
When your body produces
fresh skin cells, these newcomers push the older cells out of the crowded
neighborhood at the base of the epidermis and toward the surface of the
skin. The trip takes anywhere from a couple of weeks to a month. By the
time a skin cell reaches the surface, it’s little more than a dead,
scale-like structure that’s filled with keratin but none of the ordinary
cellular machinery.
Each surface skin cell lasts about 30 days on the
outside, which means you get an entirely new skin every month.
You lose millions of dead skin cells every day,
that's 30,000 or so scales of skin that flake off your body every minute.
Because skin flakes are thin and nearly transparent, your household dust
almost always has a light, silvery-grey color. Dust mites are common,
they're very tiny and distant relatives of the common household spider.
Dust Mites live in our houses by the millions, with most of them
taking up residence in upholstered furniture, drapery, carpets, and—above
all—mattresses. Dust mites need just three things for a life of
contentment: warmth, moisture, and a steady diet of skin flakes. In your
bed, they get all three. Dust mites have absolutely no interest in
crawling on your body. But dust-mites may cause allergies that include
sore eyes, an itchy throat, and sneezing fits. You can wash your bedding
at high temperatures—at least 130 degrees Fahrenheit, or use zippered
covers for
mattresses and
pillows that can reduce the number of dust mites. Dust mites actually
eat and excrete the same skin flake several times, until they’ve finally digested all the goodness out of it.
Body Temperature
Regulator. Using a design that’s the human equivalent of a hot-water
radiator, your body sends warm blood to the surface of your skin so it can
radiate heat away to the cooler world outside. When you need to conserve
heat, your body clamps down on this process, tightening the blood vessels
in your skin. That reduces the flow of blood near the skin and slows your
rate of heat loss. This system explains why people become flushed when
they’re hot (it’s from the increased blood flow). It also explains how
frostbite inflicts its damage. The cold itself doesn’t harm your
body—instead, the extremely reduced blood flow starves your cells of the
oxygen they need to survive.
Vitamin D: Sun exposure that you need to synthesize vitamin D is
very little in the summer months (or in a tropical climate). But in late
fall and winter, you can run around in boxer shorts without producing a
microgram of vitamin D. But try not to linger in the sun between 10 a.m.
and 3 p.m. (11 a.m. and 4 p.m. during daylight-saving time). If you find
yourself in strong sun, seek shade. Always wear a wide-brimmed hat,
long-sleeved shirt, and long pants on sunny days. Use sunscreen that
protects against both
UVA and UVB Rays and offers a
sun protection factor
(SPF) of at least 15. Use
sunscreen properly. Apply sunscreen 15 to 30
minutes before going out. Repeat every two or three hours, more often if
you’re swimming.
Pheromones -
Goose Bumps
How a
member of a family of light-sensitive proteins adjusts skin color.
Researchers have found that
opsin 3
-- a protein closely related to rhodopsin, the protein that enables
low-light vision -- has a role in adjusting the amount of pigment produced
in human skin, a determinant of skin color. When humans spend time in the
sun without proper skin protection, the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation
signals the skin to produce more melanin -- which protects against the
cancer-causing effects of the radiation -- and become darker. There are
two parts to solar UV radiation: short wavelength radiation or UVB, and
long wavelength radiation or UVA. Each part is detected by the skin in
different ways; how UVB makes humans tan has been known for a while.
Melanocytes, specialized skin cells that produce the pigment melanin, have
an abundance of opsin 3, they thought that opsin 3 might be the receptor
that detects UVA and signals increased melanin production.
Body Knowledge
Chameleon inspires 'smart skin' that changes color in the sun. A new
concept in the field of photonic crystals
Chemists used photonic
crystals to develop a flexible smart skin that reacts to heat and sunlight
while maintaining a near constant volume.
Telangiectasia are also known as
spider veins,
are small dilated blood vessels that can occur near the surface of the
skin or mucous membranes, measuring between 0.5 and 1 millimeter in
diameter. These dilated blood vessels can develop anywhere on the body but
are commonly seen on the face around the nose, cheeks and chin. Dilated
blood vessels can also develop on the legs, although when they occur on
the legs, they often have underlying venous reflux or "
hidden
varicose veins". When found on the legs, they are found specifically
on the upper thigh, below the knee joint and around the ankles. Many
patients who suffer with spider veins seek the assistance of physicians
who specialize in vein care or peripheral vascular disease. These
physicians are called vascular surgeons or phlebologists. More recently,
interventional radiologists have started treating venous problems. Some
telangiectasias are due to developmental abnormalities that can closely
mimic the behaviour of benign vascular neoplasms. They may be composed of
abnormal aggregations of arterioles, capillaries or venules. Because
telangiectasias are vascular lesions, they blanch when tested with
diascopy. Telangiectasias, aside from presenting in many other conditions,
are one of the features of the acronymically named CREST syndrome, a form
of systemic scleroderma. The syndrome recognises the significantly
co-presenting symptoms of calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal
dysmotility, sclerodactyly and telangiectasia.
Don't Shower too Much
1. Make the Skin Softer. Your skin receives its hydration from two main sources. It
attracts
moisture that is in the air and it also gets
hydration
from the beneficial oils and water found within your body. It is
important to keep in mind that when the air outside gets dryer,
your skin will as well as there is less moisture for it to
attract. Some people decide to use a lot of moisturizer to solve
the problem but a better option can be showering less often.
That is because when you use
hot water (which most people do,
especially in cooler months), it will soften your skin’s oils,
making it easier for them to
wash away and therefore dry out
your skin. This means that ideally you should shower less
frequently and opt for a nontoxic soap in the locations you need
it. If you do this, your skin should be able to find a happy
healthy balance by itself. If you feel you need more, opt for
pure shea butter creams or organic raw oils such as olive,
jojoba and coconut. Hot water is bad for two reasons: First it
removes too much of your natural oils, second, hot water brings
blood circulation to your skin which is why your skin turns red
like a lobster. With the circulation comes inflammatory building
blocks to create more itch and even a rash. Water temperature
should be tepid, meaning
skin temperature or just a little
warmer—especially if you have fragile skin that’s prone to
dryness. You shouldn’t shower for more than 5 to 10 minutes, and
use a
non-drying soap only on the oily and odor-causing parts of
your skin such as your face, armpits, buttocks, groin, and feet.
Try not to soap your arms or legs.
Sebaceous Gland
are microscopic exocrine glands in the skin that secrete an oily or waxy
matter, called sebum, to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair of
mammals. In humans, they occur in the greatest number on the face and
scalp, but also on all parts of the skin except the palms of the hands and
soles of the feet. The type of secretion of the sebaceous glands is
referred to as holocrine. Depending on the work or activities, some people
shower once or twice a week to once every two to three days.
Cleaning Hair with Just Water.
2.
Give Off the Natural Scent. When talking about giving off your natural scent, it is
important to clarify that this should only be obvious when
someone gets close to you; if they can smell you from far away
you should consider switching deodorants. Experts have linked
smell with sexual attraction as well as selecting a mate both on
the physiological and psychological level. This means that by
showering less, you may actually do better at attracting a
partner.
Natural
Mineral Salt Deodorant.
3.
Preserve Helpful Bacteria. Most people realize that our stomachs need good bacteria to
function but not everyone realizes that this is true of the skin
cells as well. The New York Times had an article in which Dr.
Richard Gallo who is the dermatology chief at the University of
California pointed out that good bacteria in the skin cell help
these cells learn how to produce their own antibiotics that can
help protect us from bad bacteria. Body lotion and most soaps
don’t provide this benefit; only showering less frequently does.
Mother Dirt
biome-friendly products helps rebalance the skin and reduce its
dependence on conventional products.
Nitric Oxide.
4.
Protect from Harmful Chemicals. You may be surprised to learn that having oils and dead skin
cells on your skin is actually beneficial. These elements
provide a kind of protection from harmful bacteria. They also
make it more difficult for certain chemicals to penetrate the
skin. This is crucial as these chemicals can damage the skin and
in some cases other parts of the body as well. When you shower,
you remove these oils and dead skin cells from your skin and in
the process make it easier for chemicals to get in. this is even
worse if you are using harsh soaps or body washes that contain
chemicals. Because of this, experts suggest always selecting a
nontoxic soap with a minimal number of ingredients and only
using it when necessary and in the locations that truly need it.
5.
Reduce Skin Irritations. Skin irritations are fairly common and people who deal with
these issues such as rashes, general irritation or even
something specific such as rosacea and eczema know that taking
hot showers makes the problem worse. In fact, their
Skin
tends
to behave better when they take
fewer hot showers.
Some people with psoriasis, eczema or other similar conditions will
actually be allergic to the sensitizers found in shampoos and soaps. If
you remove these toxic products from your routine, you are likely to
notice a significant decrease in rashes and irritations. Some people will
even see their problems completely disappear.
Avoid Hot Showers. Your shower
water should be warm, especially on your face.
Luke Warm is a liquid or food that is moderately warm or tepid.
Warm is having or producing a comfortable
and agreeable degree of heat or imparting or maintaining heat.
Extremely Hot water
is around 130 F (54.4 C) or above. Hot water in your home coming from the
tap can be around 100 F (43.3 to
32.2 C), and can gradually get hotter sometimes, so be careful. Water
temperature in your home can vary depending on the time of year and the
hot water setting of your hot water heater.
Warm water is
around 80 F (26.7 to 15 C). Warm water is mixing one half hot water
with one half cold water. Cold water in your house can vary too, usually
cold water is around 70 F.
Body Temperatures.
Take short showers if you shower more than
once a day. Don't stand under water for minutes at a time.
Hot water
strips away natural oils and damages the skin faster, so stick to a
lukewarm or cooler showers.
Cold Shower
Take more cold and cool showers then
hot and warm showers. If you do
take a occasional hot shower, the last couple of minutes of your shower should be cold water. Ending
your shower with
cold water will help lock in
moisture, increase
circulation, and benefit your skin and hair. Cold temperature decreases
Transepidermal Water Loss, contributing to better skin
hydration. Cold temperature also reduces your skin’s sensitivity
to irritants. A chilled end to your shower may “cause
superficial blood vessels to constrict, which can be beneficial
to those who are prone to facial flushing or
rosacea. Due to
decreased facial redness, the skin tone/complexion may appear
improved. Cold showers also speed up sore muscle recovery. Cold
temperature also redirects blood flow to deep blood vessels,
improving blood flow to the heart. This improved blood return
may help the body’s metabolism and processing of waste products.
Lymphatic System.
Cold water also increases your heart rate, so it wakes you up.
Cold water can also improve your mood. Cold water could also
increase your stores of brown fat (the “good” fat that burns
calories/energy in order to produce heat) Cold water should not
be so cold that it causes discomfort.
Cold Shower for Health.
Ice Water Therapy.
Moisturizing
Proper Moisturizing Protocol: Try not to wait longer than 3 minutes after leaving the
shower to moisturize your skin. After stepping from the shower,
gently pat excess water from your skin, leaving some droplets
behind. Then apply a liberal amount of a
moisturizer that
contains ceramide (a natural oil found in skin). When skin gets
dry and cracks, it lets in bacteria and allergens.
Moisturizer are complex mixtures of chemical agents (often occlusives
help hold water in the
skin after application, humectants attract moisture
and emollients help smooth the skin.) specially designed to make the
external layers of the skin (epidermis) softer and more pliable. They
increase the skin's hydration (
water
content) by reducing evaporation. Naturally occurring skin
lipids and
sterols,
as well as artificial or natural
oils,
humectants, emollients,
lubricants, etc., may be part of the composition of commercial skin
moisturizers. They usually are available as commercial products for
cosmetic and therapeutic uses, but can
also be made at home using common
pharmacy
ingredients. Mechanisms of actionare
Occlusives: These work by forming a thin film on the surface of the
skin to prevent loss of moisture.
Humectants:
These attract water vapor from the air to moisturize the skin.
Restoration of deficient materials: These
are more complex and try to restore natural moisturizing factors on the
skin, such as amino-lipids. Antipruritic action (anti-itching): Down
regulate cytokines and cooling effect from evaporation of water for
water-based moisturizer. Antimitotic (mitoic inhibitor): Slow the process
of mitosis (cell division) on the epidermis by mineral oil, which could be
helpful for people who have psoriasis disease.
UV Protection: Moisturizers also
contain sunscreen which will protect your skin from UV light. Inhibit
proinflammatory prostanoids production: Blocking cyclooxygenase activity
which causes soothing and lower skin inflammation. Wound healing:
Hyaluronic acid, Antimicrobial effect by act against microbe surface.
Xeroderma. Two
factors have to be considered when assessing the safety of a moisturizer:
The safety of the ingredients it contains and The risk of bacterial
contamination. Some people are sensitive or allergic to certain chemical
components, which can cause irritation, rashes, and other allergic
reactions. As with most skin-care products, there is a risk of
moisturizers being contaminated with bacteria that can cause disease.
Lotion
is a
low-viscosity topical
preparation intended for application to unbroken
skin.
By contrast, creams and gels have higher viscosity. Lotions are applied to
external skin with bare hands, a brush, a clean cloth, cotton wool, or
gauze. While lotion may be used as a medicine delivery system, many
lotions, especially hand lotions and body lotions are meant instead to
simply smooth, moisturize and soften the skin. These may be used in
anti-aging lotions, which can also be classified as a cosmetic in many
cases, and may contain fragrances. The Food and Drug Administration voiced
concern about lotions not classified as drugs that advertise anti-aging or
anti-wrinkle properties.
Cream is a preparation usually for application to the
skin. Creams for application to mucous membranes such as those of the
rectum or vagina are also used. Creams may be considered pharmaceutical
products as even cosmetic creams are based on techniques developed by
pharmacy and unmedicated creams are highly used in a variety of skin
conditions (dermatoses). The use of the finger tip unit concept may be
helpful in guiding how much topical cream is required to cover different
areas. Creams are semi-solid emulsions of oil and water. They are divided
into two types: oil-in-water (O/W) creams which are composed of small
droplets of oil dispersed in a continuous water phase, and water-in-oil
(W/O) creams which are composed of small droplets of water dispersed in a
continuous oily phase. Oil-in-water creams are more comfortable and
cosmetically acceptable as they are less greasy and more easily washed off
using water. Water-in-oil creams are more difficult to handle but many
drugs which are incorporated into creams are hydrophobic and will be
released more readily from a water-in-oil cream than an oil-in-water
cream. Water-in-oil creams are also more moisturising as they provide an
oily barrier which reduces water loss from the stratum corneum, the
outermost layer of the skin.
Gel is a
solid jelly-like material that can have properties ranging from soft and
weak to hard and tough. Gels are defined as a substantially dilute
cross-linked system, which exhibits no flow when in the steady-state. By
weight, gels are mostly liquid, yet they behave like solids due to a
three-dimensional cross-linked network within the liquid. It is the
crosslinking within the fluid that gives a gel its structure (hardness)
and contributes to the adhesive stick (tack). In this way gels are a
dispersion of molecules of a liquid within a solid in which liquid
particles are dispersed in the solid medium.
Oil is
any neutral, nonpolar chemical substance that is a viscous liquid at
ambient temperatures and is both hydrophobic (immiscible with water,
literally "water fearing") and lipophilic (miscible with other oils,
literally "fat loving"). Oils have a high carbon and hydrogen content and
are usually flammable and surface active.
Humectant is a hygroscopic substance used to keep things moist; it is
the opposite of a desiccant. It is often a molecule with several
hydrophilic groups, most often hydroxyl groups; however, amines and
carboxyl groups, sometimes esterified, can be encountered as well (its
affinity to form hydrogen bonds with molecules of water is the crucial
trait).
Lubricant is a substance, usually organic, introduced to reduce
friction between surfaces
in mutual contact, which ultimately
reduces
the heat generated when the surfaces move. It may also have the
function of transmitting forces, transporting foreign particles, or
heating or cooling the surfaces. The property of reducing friction is
known as lubricity. In addition to industrial applications, lubricants are
used for many other purposes. Other uses include cooking (oils and fats in
use in frying pans, in baking to prevent food sticking), bioapplications
on humans (e.g. lubricants for artificial joints), ultrasound examination,
medical examination.
Aloe Vera is a
succulent
plant species of the genus Aloe. An
evergreen perennial, it
originates from the Arabian Peninsula but grows wild in tropical climates
around the world and is cultivated for agricultural and
medicinal uses. The
species is also used for decorative purposes and grows successfully
indoors as a potted plant. It is found in many consumer products including
beverages, skin lotion, cosmetics, or ointments for minor burns and
sunburns.
Tea Tree
Oil is an
essential oil
with a fresh camphoraceous odor and a colour that ranges from pale
yellow to nearly colourless and clear, it is also known as melaleuca
oil or ti tree oil. It's derived from the leaves of the tea tree,
Melaleuca alternifolia, native to Southeast Queensland and the
Northeast coast of New South Wales, Australia. It is typically used as a topical
medication in low concentrations for attempted
treatments of skin conditions. Tea tree oil is claimed as useful for
treating dandruff, acne, lice, herpes, insect bites, scabies, and skin
fungal or bacterial infections. However, the quality of the evidence
for efficacy in these conditions is minimal. Tea tree oil is neither a
patented product nor an approved drug, and is poisonous if consumed by
mouth.
Hair is made of
dead skin cells and doesn't need as much washing as the rest of our
skin. Wash your scalp at least weekly and wash your face, chest and
back after conditioning the
Hair.
Dry Hair Shampoo - Shaking corn starch into hair has achieved the same
effect, but most current products deliver the drying agents via an aerosol
spray.
Conditioner-Only Hair Washing or
Co-Washing is the process of only using conditioner to wash,
condition, and moisturize your hair. According to experts, conditioner is
more gentle on the hair and still lifts dirt and product from strands, as
a shampoo would. It must be a silicone-free conditioner to keep from
weighing your hair down. Add a cleansing conditioner to your routine if
your hair is dry.
You want
to soften the hair before shaving, but not too much. Shaving should
happen at the end of a short shower so the hairs are damp but not too
swollen from too much heat and steam, which causes hair swelling that
later leads to
Ingrown Hair when the shaved hairs dry and shrink below the skin
surface. Pat your skin with a towel instead of rubbing vigorously. Apply
moisturizer right away, within two to three minutes of showering.
Bentonite is an
absorbent
aluminium phyllosilicate clay consisting mostly of montmorillonite. The
different types of bentonite are each named after the respective dominant
element, such as potassium (K), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), and aluminium
(Al). Experts debate a number of nomenclatorial problems with the
classification of bentonite clays. Bentonite usually forms from weathering
of
volcanic ash, most often
in the presence of water. However, the term bentonite, as well as a
similar clay called tonstein, has been used to describe clay beds of
uncertain origin. For industrial purposes, two main classes of bentonite
exist: sodium and calcium bentonite. In stratigraphy and tephrochronology,
completely devitrified (weathered volcanic glass) ash-fall beds are
commonly referred to as K-bentonites when the dominant clay species is
illite. In addition to montmorillonite and illite another common clay
species that is sometimes dominant is kaolinite. Kaolinite-dominated clays
are commonly referred to as tonsteins and are typically
associated with coal.
Bentonite has been prescribed as a bulk laxative, and it is also used as a
base for many dermatologic formulas. Bentoquatam is a bentonate-based
topical medication intended to act as a shield against exposure to
urushiol, the oil found in plants such as poison ivy or poison oak. even
use it internally. It has an alkalizing effect on the body and when taken
correctly, it can help balance gut bacteria. Healing clays like bentonite
have a high concentration of minerals including silica, calcium,
magnesium, sodium, iron, and potassium. It also absorbs and removes
toxins, heavy metals, impurities, and chemicals. Bentonite clay is a
unique clay due to its ability to produce an “electrical charge” when
hydrated. Upon contact with fluid its electrical components change,
carrying a strong negative charge which bonds to the positive charge in
many toxins.helping with skin and allergy issues said to be especially
calming to skin itching from eczema, psoriasis, chickenpox, etc. Bentonite
clay (montmorillonite) is a mudlike substance derived from volcanic ash.
It's sometimes used in the personal care industry as a face mask.
Bentonite clay can also be used for hair as a natural way to add moisture
and remove toxins.
Activated Charcoal Soap with Calcium Bentonite Clay.
Water Therapy
-
Messaging the
Skin
Montmorillonite is a very soft phyllosilicate group of minerals that
form when they precipitate from water solution as microscopic crystals,
known as clay. aged volcanic ash.
Sweat
Perspiration is the production of fluids secreted by the
sweat glands in the skin. Two types of sweat glands can be found in
humans: eccrine glands and apocrine glands.
Exocrine Gland
are
glands
that produce and secrete substances onto an
epithelial surface by way of a
duct.
Hydration.
Sweat
Gland are small tubular structures of the
Skin
that produce sweat. Sweat glands are a type of exocrine gland, which are
glands that produce and secrete substances onto an epithelial surface by
way of a duct. There are two main types of sweat glands that differ in
their structure, function, secretory product, mechanism of excretion,
anatomic distribution, and distribution across species:
Echini Sweat Glands are distributed almost all over the human body, in
varying densities, with the highest density in palms and soles, then on
the head, but much less on the trunk and the extremities. Its water-based
secretion represents a primary form of cooling in humans.
Apocrine sweat glands are mostly limited to the axilla (armpits) and
perianal areas in humans. They are not significant for cooling in humans,
but are the sole effective sweat glands in hoofed animals, such as the
camels, donkeys, horses, and cattle.
Apocrine Sweat Gland is a type of merocrine sweat gland composed of a
coiled secretory portion located at the junction of the dermis and
subcutaneous fat, from which a straight portion inserts and secretes into
the infundibular portion of the hair follicle. In humans, apocrine sweat
glands are found only in certain locations of the body: the axillae
(armpits), areola and nipples of the breast, ear canal, eyelids, wings of
the nostril, perianal region, and some parts of the external genitalia.
Modified apocrine glands include the ciliary glands in the eyelids; the
ceruminous glands, which produce ear wax; and the mammary glands, which
produce milk. The rest of the body is covered by eccrine sweat glands.
Sweat Glands
are small tubular structures of the skin that produce sweat.
Ceruminous glands (which produce ear wax), mammary glands (which
produce milk), and ciliary glands in the eyelids are modified apocrine
sweat glands.
Gland is
a group of cells in an animal's body that synthesizes substances (such as
hormones) for release into the bloodstream (endocrine gland) or into
cavities inside the body or its outer surface (exocrine gland).
Pore is any tiny hole admitting passage of
a
liquid, fluid or gas.
Any small opening in the skin or outer surface of an animal.
Heat Index is an
index that combines air temperature and relative
Humidity, in shaded areas, as an
attempt to determine the human-perceived equivalent temperature, as how
hot it would feel if the humidity were some other value in the shade.
Sometimes feeling like it's 30 degrees hotter then the actual temperature.
The result is also known as the "felt air temperature" or "apparent
temperature". For example, when the temperature is 32 °C (90 °F) with 70%
relative humidity, the heat index is 41 °C (106 °F). This heat index
temperature has an implied (unstated) humidity of 20%. This is the value
of relative humidity for which the heat index formula indicates 41 °C
feels like 41 °C. A heat index temperature of 32 °C has an implied
relative humidity of 38%.
The human body normally
cools itself by perspiration, or sweating.
Heat is removed from the body by
Evaporation of that
sweat. However,
high relative humidity reduces the
evaporation rate. This results in a lower rate of heat removal from
the body, hence the sensation of being overheated. This effect is
subjective, with different
individuals
perceiving heat differently for various reasons (such as obesity,
metabolic differences, pregnancy, menopause, effects of drugs and/or drug
withdrawal); its measurement has been based on subjective descriptions of
how hot subjects feel for a given
temperature and
humidity. This results in a heat index that relates one combination of
temperature and humidity to another. Because the humidity index is based
on temperatures in the shade, while people often move across sunny areas,
then the heat index can give a much lower temperature than actual
conditions of typical outdoor activities. Also, for people exercising or
active, at the time, then the heat index could give a temperature lower
than the felt conditions. For example, with a temperature in the shade of
only 82 °F (28 °C) at 60% relative humidity, then the heat index would
seem 84 °F (29 °C), but movement across sunny areas of 102 °F (39 °C),
would give a heat index of over 137 °F (58 °C), as more indicative of the
oppressive and sweltering heat. Plus when actively working, or not wearing
a hat in sunny areas, then the feels-like conditions would seem even
hotter. Hence, the heat index could seem unrealistically low, unless
resting inactive (idle) in heavily shaded areas. Heat Index is a measure
of how hot it really feels when relative humidity is factored in with the
actual air temperature. A quantity expressing the discomfort felt as a
result of the combined effects of the temperature and humidity of the air.
Bodies lose heat in water very fast due to the big
heat capacity of
water.
Heat Exhaustion
-
Exercising (sweat)
New microfluidic
devices help athletes and enhance physical rehab. A new
wearable system measures
sweat and sweat biomarkers. It is a soft, flexible device that measures
the bodies’ response to exercise.
Wearable device measures cortisol in sweat. By drawing in a bit of
sweat, a patch can reveal how much cortisol a person is producing.
Cortisol is known
as the stress hormone but is involved in many important physiological
functions.
Don't Sweat the Small Stuff (worrying)
Chloride compounds or chlorine atoms, often attached to sodium
ones to form salt – are important for maintaining the body’s
internal
pH balance, regulating the movement of fluids in and
out of cells, and transmitting impulses across nerve fibres.
Also mixed in with sweat is urea, ammonia, proteins, sugars,
potassium and bicarbonate. Not to mention trace metals like
zinc, copper, iron, nickel, cadmium, lead, and even a tiny bit
of manganese. For some of those metals, sweat is an important
mechanism for excreting them from inside of the body. Sweat
exits the body through one of two types of glands.
Apocrine glands are found in the armpits and nostrils and on
the nipples, ears and parts of the genitalia
Eccrine Glands, millions of which are distributed over most
of the rest of the human body When the body and skin get too
warm, thermoreceptors send a message indicating as much to the
brain. There, the hypothalamus – a small cluster of cells that
controls our hunger, thirst, sleep, and body temperature – sends
a message to the apocrine and eccrine glands, which begin
pumping out sweat. Perspiration left behind on your skin can
allow
bacteria to grow, so you
may need a
shower after strenuous exercise or work.
Body Oder - B.O.
Body Odor is
present in animals and humans, and its intensity can be influenced by many
factors (behavioral patterns, survival strategies). Body odor has a strong
genetic basis both in animals and humans, but it can be also strongly
influenced by various diseases and physiological conditions. Body odor is
generally considered to be an unpleasant odor among many human cultures.
In humans, the formation of body odors is caused by factors such as diet,
gender, health, and medication, but the major contribution comes from
bacterial activity on skin gland
secretions.
Pheromones
(sense of smell). -
Why I
don't smell my own Stink?
Diet quality and the attractiveness of male body odor. Greater fruit
and vegetable intake, was significantly associated with more
pleasant smelling sweat
(with more floral, fruity, sweet and medicinal qualities),and greater
carbohydrate intake with stronger smelling less pleasant sweat.
The
effect of meat consumption on body odor attractiveness. Women
preferred the
odor of
men who ate a non-meat diet. Fresh odor samples were assessed for their
pleasantness, attractiveness, masculinity, and intensity by 30 women not
using hormonal contraceptives.
Pig-Pen effect: Mixing skin oil and ozone can produce a personal pollution
cloud. A range of
volatile and semi-volatile gases and substances are produced when
ozone, a form of
oxygen that can be
toxic, reacts with skin oils carried by soiled
clothes.
100% Pure, All Natural, Mineral Salts Deodorant Stone.
Your perspiration, when it first leaves your body is sterile & odorless. When
it comes in contact with bacteria on your skin, the bacteria multiplies,
its the
bacteria that causes the odor. The mineral salts leaves a thin
film on your skin and the bacteria can not thrive in the salts
environment. Mineral salts are mined out of the Ground; No Toxic
Chemicals, No Carcinogens, Just 100% Mineral Salts; Will Easily last well
Over 2 Years with Daily Use. It's a Huge Money Saver. Will Not Leave
Stains on your Clothes EVER!
Ammonium Aluminium Sulfate, also known as ammonium alum or just alum,
is a white crystalline double sulfate usually encountered as the
dodecahydrate, formula (NH4)Al(SO4)2·12H2O. It is used in small amounts in
a variety of niche applications. The dodecahydrate occurs naturally as the
rare mineral tschermigite. Ammonium alum is made from aluminium hydroxide,
sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfate. It forms a solid solution with
potassium alum. Pyrolysis leaves alumina. Such alumina is used in the
production of grinding powders and as precursors to synthetic gems.
Ammonium alum is not a major industrial chemical or a particularly useful
laboratory reagent, but it is cheap and effective, which invites many
niche applications. It is used in water purification, in vegetable glues,
in porcelain cements, in deodorants and in tanning, dyeing and in
fireproofing textiles. The pH of the solution resulting from the topical
application of ammonium alum with perspiration is typically in the
slightly acid range, from 3 to 5. Ammonium alum is a common ingredient in
animal repellant sprays. Alum was once a common pickling ingredient used
to promote crispness in preserved vegetable, due to the way it reacts with
natural pectin. It has fallen out of use from a suspected link to
Alzheimer's Disease, and is no longer recommended for pickling. Aluminium
sulfate, closely related to ammonium alum, is considered nontoxic up to
LD50 of 6207 mg/kg. For reduced concentrations no human or ecological
toxicity officially registered.
BO -
An enzyme called C-T lyase, found in the bacterium Staphylococcus hominis,
dwells in human armpits. These bacteria feed on odorless chemicals
released in sweat, which the enzyme then converts into thioalcohols—a
pungent compound responsible for the offending smell.
How many
days in a row can a person wear the same clothes? It depends on the
person and their health, it depends on the
clothes or the type of
fabric that the person is
wearing, it depends on the
climate where the person lives, it depends on the activities or the
type of
work that a
person does. For those that wear the same bra every day for weeks on end,
the guide recommends giving it a wash every three to four days, the same
for trousers or pants or jeans. Everyday items such as tights, T-shirts
and briefs need to be put in the laundry basket when they get used under
harsh conditions, which could be after one day of use.
Sleeping in the same clothes that you wear everyday can
create an unhealthy hygiene level which could then lead to illness or
skin/hair conditions that are not ideal. Dirt, dust, grime, oils, and dead
skin cells of the day get caught up all over our face, and can start to
harm our skin if we leave them there. Also, it’s bad if these get into/on
your pillow and then you are re-exposed to them every night for hours at a
time. This is the same idea with wearing the same clothes you did
everything in the day before, while going to bed. The bugs, dirt, dust,
skin cells, and germs from everyone else are stuck in them, and can be
re-exposed to you over and over! Not to mention the bed bugs that can start eating at your own body.
Stain Removing
Oil-Based Stains: Use liquid dish soap. (mayonnaise,
spaghetti sauce or salad dressings).
Pigment Stains: Use rubbing alcohol
and blot the ink with a paper towel or cotton ball. White vinegar can also
help.
Blood Stains: First try cold water. If that doesn't work, hydrogen
peroxide.
Berry Stains: Running boiling hot water through the stain can help.